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The Heart of Islamic Philosophy: The Quest for Self-Knowledge in the Teachings of Afdal al-Din Kashani

William C. Chittick

The Heart of Islamic Philosophy: The Quest for Self-Knowledge in the Teachings of Afdal al-Din Kashani William C. Chittick Amazon Price: $145.00
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Editorial Review:

This book introduces the work of an important medieval Islamic philosopher who is little known outside the Persian world. Afdal al-Din Kashani was a contemporary of a number of important Muslim thinkers, including Averroes and Ibn al-Arabi. Kashani did not write for advanced students of philosophy but rather for beginners. In the main body of his work, he offers especially clear and insightful expositions of various philosophical positions, making him an invaluable resource for those who would like to learn the basic principles and arguments of this philosophical tradition but do not have a strong background in philosophy. Here, Chittick uses Kashani and his work to introduce the basic issues and arguments of Islamic philosophy to modern readers.

Routledge History of Islamic Philosophy (Routledge History of World Philosophies)

Oliver Leaman

Routledge History of Islamic Philosophy (Routledge History of World Philosophies) Oliver Leaman Amazon Price: $395.00
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Customer Reviews:
Total reviews: 2 Average rating: 5.0 of 5

A Must Have For Any Mid East Student/Scholar/Researcher 5 out of 5 stars.
5 of 5 people found this review helpful.

After spending close to $80 on this book I had to see if it was truley worth it--and it was. The book's articles chronicle almost every major Islamic philosopher (from Sufis to Shi'ites to Sunnis) and their interpretations of Islamic philosophy. I was especially interested to see a large section on Jewish philosophy.

While this one may be incredibly dry for some, the facts, sources, and articles it contains are priceless if you need information on Islamic philosophy.

Comprehensive overview of Islamic Philosophy 5 out of 5 stars.
4 of 5 people found this review helpful.

Unfortunately in the West, even with a lot of first-class scholarship now going on to recover the thought of various periods in the history of both Western and Eastern Philosophy, the course of Philosophy in the Muslim world is relatively unknown. This book, edited by Seyyed Hussein Nasr, gives an excellent and comprehensive history of Philosophy as it has meandered through 14 centuries of Islamic intellectual thought and religious belief.

Anyone who reads this book will quickly realise much of the garbage being said about Islam today as always being a deeply backward part of world civilisation whose essential basis is wars of conquest and terrorism is utter nonsense. Jihadi terrorism itself has its roots in the thoughts of the Egyptian radical thinker and writer Seyyd Qutb, who was disgusted at the excesses of 1950's America, and also to an extent also in the thought of Ayotallah Homeni, the Iranian philosopher and theologian who was deeply influenced by thinkers such as Ibn-Arabi. Yet while these thinkers are important, they only form a small part of the overall very rich tapestry of Islamic philosophical thought, which ranges from schools which followed Aristotle and Plato to mystical schools like those of Ibn-Arabi and Shawradi, and schools which closely examined what would now be called the philosophy of law and politics. Islamic thought also contains a rich tradition in the Philosophy of Religion, which asked questions about what Holy Scripture means and how it is to be interpreted, what can and cannot be said about God, how humans can know God, and so on. Also interesting are Islamic examinations of epistemology, science, and metaphysics, which often contains a range and depth of sophistication equalling that of that found in other world civilisations.

This book is worth reading by any serious student of Philosophy interested to see how humans in another mode of civilisation have attempted to answer the basic questions which seem to puzzle human beings anywhere in the world.

Editorial Review:

Islamic Philosophy has often been treated as mainly of historical interest, belonging to the history of ideas rather than to philosophy. This is volume challenges this belief. The Routledge History of Philosophy provides detailed discussions of the most important thinkers and the key concepts in Islamic philosophy, from earliest times to the present day.

Allegory and Philosophy in Avicenna (Ibn Sina): With a Translation of the Book of the Prophet Muhammad's Ascent to Heaven (The Middle Ages Series)

Peter Heath

Allegory and Philosophy in Avicenna (Ibn Sina): With a Translation of the Book of the Prophet Muhammad's Ascent to Heaven (The Middle Ages Series) Peter Heath Amazon Price: $45.00
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Editorial Review:

Islamic allegory is the product of a cohesive literary tradition to which few contributed as significantly as Ibn Sina (Avicenna), the eleventh-century Muslim philosopher. Peter Heath here offers a detailed examination of Avicenna's contribution, paying special attention to Avicenna's psychology and poetics and to the ways in which they influenced strains of theological, mystical, and literary thought in subsequent Islamic--and Western--intellectual and religious history.

Heath begins by showing how Avicenna's writings fit into the context and general history of Islamic allegory and explores the interaction among allegory, allegoresis, and philosophy in Avicenna's thought. He then provides a brief introduction to Avicenna as an historical figure. From there, he examines the ways in which Avicenna's cosmological, psychological, and epistemological theories find parallel, if diverse, expression in the disparate formats of philosophical and allegorical narration. Included in this book is an illustration of Avicenna's allegorical practice. This takes the form of a translation of the Mi'raj Nama (The Book of the Prophet Muhammad's Ascent to Heaven), a short treatise in Persian generally attributed to Avicenna.

The text concludes with an investigation of the literary dimension Avicenna's allegorical theory and practice by examining his use of description metaphor. Allegory and Philosophy in Avicenna is an original and important work that breaks new ground by applying the techniques of modern literary criticism to the study of Medieval Islamic philosophy. It will be of interest to scholars and students of medieval Islamic and Western literature and philosophy.

A Muslim Theologian's Response to Christianity: Ibn Taymiyya's Al-Jawab Al-Sahih (Studies in Islamic Philosophy and Science)

A Muslim Theologian's Response to Christianity: Ibn Taymiyya's Al-Jawab Al-Sahih (Studies in Islamic Philosophy and Science) Amazon Price: $75.00
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Total reviews: 1 Average rating: 4.0 of 5

Comments on Ibn Tayymiya's Aljawab Alsaheeh 4 out of 5 stars.
46 of 49 people found this review helpful.

This book is a translation of one of the most massive refutations to Christian Missionaries written by one of the most formidable scholars of Islam. In his original book--Aljawaab AlSaheeh--Ibn Tayymiya wrote an encyclopedia of Islam and questions and answers to Christianity. The original book of Ibn Tayymiya comes in 7 volumes, 6 books plus 1 book as an index. Each of the 6 volumes comes in 400-500 pages of text, fully loaded with rich information on Islam, Christianity, extinct Islamic sects which were attracted to Christianity, ONE WHOLE volume which includes Bible Prophecies that mention Prophet Mohammad, exposing the miracles performed Christian priests (e.g., the statue of Mary [peace be upon her] appearing on Churches, the Spear of God, how a Christian priest can order a palm tree to sink inside the earth allowing the priest to sit on top of it, and then it rises, and much much more), logical thoughts on the Trinity, the Sonship of Jesus (peace be upon him), the miracles he performed, and lots of other issues. As said, it's a huge encyclopedia.

Unfortunately, the translator didn't do justice when he did his translation. It's enough to note that he expunged the 7 volumes into one single book half the size of one of the original volumes (That's after we ignore the unnecessary bibliographies, notes, and so on). I was waiting for a skilled Muslim to translate this book, but sadly, no Muslim or a team of Muslims have taken the effort to translate this wonderful book. However, that doesn't mean that the Christian translator didn't do a good job. He did a fair job, but he ignored lots of proofs that Ibn Tayymmiya provided about the Prophet Mohammad and the authority of the Islamic sources. Of course, anyone who is familiar with the Christian propaganda against Islam, can expect such attempts. And that's why I expected to see Aljawaab Al-Saheeh translated by concerned Muslims.

The translator mentioned the humorous story behind the making of this book. To encourage the reader of this review, I'll mention the story. Basically, at the time of Ibn Tayymiya, a Melikite (A past Christian sect, which is closer to Catholicism of today) bishop wrote a 26-page pamphlet with high hopes to convert the Muslims. He imagined that he met a group of Christians who were coming from the Muslim's land, and he asked them some questions, and they answered back. This imaginary dialogue made his 26-page pamphlet.

The Muslim scholars who received this pamphlet were disturbed. At that time, the Crusades were beginning, and the Muslims in Syria were well aware of the breeze which preceded the terrors in Andalusia. Basically, these missionary efforts used to take place to divide the Muslims and the Christians living among the Muslims, this way, some kind of disorder will take place, they would take advantage of this division, the crusaders will storm the Muslims in a bloody war.

Before Ibn Tayymiya took the confrontation, he was aware of the refutations that the notable scholar, Imaam Abu Al-Waleeb Al-Baaji and Ibn Hazm went through to reply to the Christian attacks in Andalusia. And when the 26-page pamphlet was distributed, besides Ibn Tayymiya, Al-Ghazali wrote his reply: Al-Radd Al-Jameel. And Al-Quraafi wrote his reply: Al-Ajwiba Al-Fakhira (The Unique Replies). But Ibn Tayymiya (as usual), locked himself up, and wrote his reply in a 7 volume book!

The book teaches the Muslim, and the neutral reader how to think when studying Christianity. The proofs which are presented might be outdated for the Protestant Christian, simply because Protestantism was not born when Ibn Tayymiya wrote his book. However, the book is certainly a mind booster in its logical arguments compared to its scriptural arguments. For example, when Ibn Tayymiya compares the Quran as a miracle and the miracles of Jesus (Note, the translator does not include any proofs that Ibn Tayymiya discussed about the authenticity of the Islamic sources), he writes, "They say that Prophet Jesus (p) healed the blind. Okay, other honorable prophets healed the blind as well, not only that, but didn't the staff of Moses (p) turn into a snake--with, most probably, two eyes on the top of its head?"

And he talks about Jesus being God, and the Son of God, and he says, "How can he be the Creator and the son of Himself? How can he be a messenger from himself? Is it logical to say that 'My father is sitting over there, and He is me?' or 'I was sent my God, who is myself?'" He talks about the fallacy of dividing the attributes from the essence, and he comments on the claim that Jesus is the Word and God Himself: "Their book says [and he quotes] that in the beginning there was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. And then, they claim that this word is Jesus. We say that this is illogical. If Prophet Jesus (p) was the Word, then how did this word come to be? Is it logical to think that a word can exist all by itself without someone previously writing it or uttering it?"

Unlike the Greek and the Roman logicians, the Muslim thinkers offer the problems they see in Christianity without denying the existence of God. In all their replies to Christianity, their content always portrays Jesus as an honorable prophet, they write about him with love, they respect him, his disciples, his mother, and their followers, without degrading them, but they also present sever and problematic questions to the Christian doctrines which were placed by the Churches of the past and which are embraced by most fanatic Christians of today.

The book is certainly a must read. However, those who can read Arabic, should not disregard the original book which was written in Arabic. It comes in a better quality, much much much more information (7 volumes), and half the price.

The Book of Radiance (Bibliotheca Iranica. Intellectual Traditions Series, No 1)

Yahya Ibn Habash Suhrawardi, Hossein Ziai

The Book of Radiance (Bibliotheca Iranica. Intellectual Traditions Series, No 1) Yahya Ibn Habash Suhrawardi, Hossein Ziai Amazon Price: $33.01
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The Leaven of the Ancients: Suhrawardi and the Heritage of the Greeks (Suny Series in Islam)

John Walbridge

The Leaven of the Ancients: Suhrawardi and the Heritage of the Greeks (Suny Series in Islam) John Walbridge Amazon Price: $28.50
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Editorial Review:

The twelfth-century Persian philosopher Suhrawardi was the key figure in the transition of Islamic philosophy from the neo-Aristotelianism of Avicenna to the mystically oriented Islamic philosophy of later centuries. Suhrawardi's "Illuminationist" philosophy was a vigorous reassertion of Neoplatonism at a time when Sufism was becoming a major presence in Islamic thought and society.

This book traces the intellectual background of Suhrawardi's thought and of the Greek roots of non-Aristotelian philosophy in the Islamic world. Suhrawardi placed himself in an intellectual tradition that sprang from the "Ancients," the philosophical and mystical tradition of Hermes Trismegistus and his successors in both Greece and the Orient. The author argues that Suhrawardi typifies an approach to philosophy characteristic of Neoplatonism, in which Pythagoras is the key pre-Socratic, Plato is the central figure in the history of philosophy, Aristotle is respected but corrected by reference to Pythagoras and Plato, and philosophy is ultimately an eclectic revelation known symbolically by different nations. Mystical intuition is a key philosophical tool and symbolism is of particular importance.

The Leaven of the Ancients provides a translation of Suhrawardi's famous dream, in which Aristotle reveals the epistemological foundations of Suhrawardi's Illuminationist system. The book also analyzes the role played by Suhrawardi and his approach to philosophy in turning Islamic civilization away from physical science toward a subtle mystical psychology, thus offering a new explanation for the decline of science in Islam.

Touch of Midas: Scientific Values and the Environment in Islam and the West

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Islamic Medical Ethics in the Twentieth Century (Social, Economic and Political Studies of the Middle East and Asia)

Vardit Rispler-Chaim

Islamic Medical Ethics in the Twentieth Century (Social, Economic and Political Studies of the Middle East and Asia) Vardit Rispler-Chaim Amazon Price: $38.00
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Editorial Review:

Considers prominent issues in medical ethics in the 20th century, such as abortion, artificial insemination, organ transplantation, euthanasia as discussed by Muslim religious scholars, physicians and jurists. Despite the semi-equal spread of medical knowledge among the peoples of the world and the shared dilemmas brought about by modern medicine, Muslims tend to follow their own medical ethics, which agree ultimately with the basic requirements of Islamic religion and law.

Al-Farabi and Aristotelian Syllogistics: Greek Theory and Islamic Practice (Islamic Philosophy, Theology, and Science)

Joep Lameer

Al-Farabi and Aristotelian Syllogistics: Greek Theory and Islamic Practice (Islamic Philosophy, Theology, and Science) Joep Lameer Amazon Price: $112.00
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Editorial Review:

Dealing with an important chapter in the history of Aristotelian logic in early medieval Islam, this text provides a comprehensive analysis of the writings of the Muslim philosopher, Abu Nasr al-Farabi (d. 950/51). The first part focuses on a wide range of subjects relating to syllogistic theory proper, while the second part deals with its application in the context of Islamic law and theology, and concludes with an in-depth analysis of the way in which Aristotelian logic came to be integrated into Muslim political thought. The sections on syllogistic theory are important for those interested in the history of Arabic logic, while the remaining sections should interest historians of Islamic law, theology and Islamic political philosophy.

Al-Hallaj (Curzon Sufi)

Herbert I Mason

Al-Hallaj (Curzon Sufi) Herbert I Mason Amazon Price: $39.54
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Customer Reviews:
Total reviews: 1 Average rating: 3.0 of 5

More of an introduction to al-Hallaj 3 out of 5 stars.
1 of 2 people found this review helpful.

If you have never read anything regarding al-Hallaj he is probably one of the most controversial figures in Islamic literature. Executed for amongst other things his 'heretical' utterings such as "ana al-Haqq" (literally "I am God") His execution became the theme of several 'passion plays' (The book 'The death of al-Hallaj' being though just an edited version of Massignons work is pretty much an English translation of one)

This book, is something of an introduction to al-Hallaj, his life and teachings and the events leading up to his death. It would be quite a useful book were it not for the price which I think is even more expensive than Massignons edited al-Hallaj!

Worth a read but only if you can find it second hand or on sale price. Otherwise, you may as well get the complete Massignon book.

Editorial Review:

The life and teachings of Islam's most dramatic and controversial mystic, Husayn ibn Mansur, better known as Al-Hallaj (the reader of hearts).

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