Cognitive Books - Page 15

Choices, Values, and Frames

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Customer Reviews:
Total reviews: 13 Average rating: 4.5 of 5

Kahneman & Tversky and some excellent company explain why we're not so 'rational' as we think. 4 out of 5 stars.
10 of 10 people found this review helpful.

Daniel Kahneman and the late Amos Tversky are two of the Godfathers of behavioural economics - and their body of work since the 1970s gave a really firm yank on the rug of rationality that had thus-far supported traditional theories of human economic behaviour. The "rational consumer" we met in Economics 101 is actually a bundle of conflicts and paradoxes - and this volume is a colleciton of 42 essays that explain why people can make seemingly illogical decisions when confronted by choices, or risks.

The papers, some of them densely mathematical and others written in cogent plain English, demonstrate through experiments and some quite entertaining observations the various layers of logic we use when we make trade-off decisions.

One human skew comes from the way we tend to weigh up uncertainty and risk: and our tendency to vividly imagine downsides while having only a loose picture of upsides.

A second family of biases comes from our tendency to contextualise decisions and choices in different ways: to "reframe" the way we see problems and thus skew our outcomes.

A third family of human biases comes from our many perceptual biases, for example in the way we recall standout features from one sample, and then act as if these standouts (a couple of famous names for example)are representative of the whole sample.

Taken together we get a rich picture of human decision behaviour that is applicable in economics, marketing or - (for example) in the specific worlds of medical professionals who must evaluate data, frame each situation and make critical professional decisions.

This text is important, and provides rich reading for researchers in a wide number of fields. In the last 100 years of the history of human psychology, the emphasis has generally been on the background the nature/nurture of the subject. Kahneman and Tversky and their good company of researchers demonstrate that if we shine the spotlight on the decision-making processes of humans we can uncover many, many answers to why we behave as we do.

I took a star off for those hyper-mathematical papers. These weren't at all user friendly, and while I use statistical analysis each day in my work, I'm old-fashioned enough to think that a book still must communicate verbally. But that's my skew. Don't let it put you off the importance of this collection of extremely interesting studies.

Editorial Review:

Choices, Values, and Frames presents an empirical and theoretical challenge to classical utility theory, offering prospect theory as an alternative framework. Extensions and applications to diverse economic phenomena and to studies of consumer behavior are discussed. The book also elaborates on framing effects and other demonstrations that preferences are constructed in context, and it develops new approaches to the standard view of choice-based utility. As with the classic 1982 volume, Judgment Under Uncertainty, this volume is comprised of papers published in diverse academic journals. The editors have written several new chapters and a preface to provide a context for the work.

Biological Psychology: An Introduction to Behavioral, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience (Book with CD-ROM for Windows and Macintosh)

Mark R. Rosenzweig, Arnold L. Leiman, S. Marc Breedlove

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Customer Reviews:
Total reviews: 6 Average rating: 4.0 of 5

Great Introductory Text 4 out of 5 stars.
20 of 21 people found this review helpful.

I have used both the first and second editions of this text in courses for first-year graduate students in a Psy.D. program. The text is clear, the illustrations excellent, as are the color overheads. This is at exactly the right level for students who will be clinicians using this information in understanding and dealing with clients directly (as opposed to researchers).

Please try again Mr.Rozenweig 2 out of 5 stars.
9 of 25 people found this review helpful.

This book is a course textbook for my course, but to be honest I find it badly set out, espacially in the index where it's impossible to find anything. I know the guy's an expert in his field but the relevent information is hard to extract from the very dry tone. I've been tempted on more than one occasion to simply use it as a computer stand. This may sound like any other textbook but when you compare this to Kalat's book of the same name, the difference is unbelievable. As a student I'll take this rare opportunity to say 'good try Mr.Rozenweig, but I think you should take it back and work on it a little more'

Editorial Review:

Univ. of California, Berkeley. Textbook providing a foundation that places questions such as: Can experience increase the capacity of the brain? and Is sexual orientation inherited? in a scientific context. For students. Colorful format. Previous edition: c1996.

Awakening Intuition: Using Your Mind-Body Network for Insight and Healing

MD, Phd Mona Lisa Schulz

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Customer Reviews:
Total reviews: 36 Average rating: 4.0 of 5

Editorial Review:

"If you have a brain and a body, if you have memories, if you sleep at night (or any other time), then, by definition, you have to be--you are--intuitive."
--From the Introduction

In this groundbreaking, major work on intuition, well-being, and brain science, Dr. Mona Lisa Schulz reveals innovative, fresh, and exciting new ways to tap into intuitions that have the power to improve your health and save your life.
        
Intuition, Dr. Schulz maintains, is not a magical or mystical talent limited to a few sensitive people. It's a real, down-to-earth capacity that we all possess and can develop. Intuition is as natural as all your other senses and functions as a transmitter of body-mind messages that you can use to guide your actions. Awakening Intuition teaches you how to hone your receptivity to intuitive messages by attending to the clues of your body--including symptoms of physical disorder and disease, dreams and internal visions, voices, body sensations, emotional reactions, and memories.
        
Like Spontaneous Healing and Anatomy of the Spirit, Awakening Intuition illuminates the intimate connections between the mind, body, and emotions. Like The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat, the book provides astonishing new perspectives on what science has uncovered about the powers of the mind and cellular memories. Dr. Schulz tells fascinating personal stories of how she used her own intuition to heal her illnesses and her life and offers practical, proven guidelines for how you can develop your own intuitive guidance system and get your mind and body in sync. Dr. Schulz's always riveting, sometimes poignant, and often entertaining stories of how clients have used their own intuition to gain insight into the underlying meaning of their disorders and life challenges will inspire you to learn your own body's unique perceptive language. By learning to read and understand your sensations, movements, and memories and the signals of distress and disease, you will strengthen your mind-body consciousness and empower yourself to create a healthier, happier life.

The Conscious Mind: In Search of a Fundamental Theory (Philosophy of Mind Series)

David J. Chalmers

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Customer Reviews:
Total reviews: 28 Average rating: 4.0 of 5

Editorial Review:

What is consciousness? How do physical processes in the brain give rise to the self-aware mind and to feelings as profoundly varied as love or hate, aesthetic pleasure or spiritual yearning? These questions today are among the most hotly debated issues among scientists and philosophers, and we have seen in recent years superb volumes by such eminent figures as Francis Crick, Daniel C. Dennett, Gerald Edelman, and Roger Penrose, all firing volleys in what has come to be called the consciousness wars. Now, in The Conscious Mind, philosopher David J. Chalmers offers a cogent analysis of this heated debate as he unveils a major new theory of consciousness, one that rejects the prevailing reductionist trend of science, while offering provocative insights into the relationship between mind and brain.

Writing in a rigorous, thought-provoking style, the author takes us on a far-reaching tour through the philosophical ramifications of consciousness. Chalmers convincingly reveals how contemporary cognitive science and neurobiology have failed to explain how and why mental events emerge from physiological occurrences in the brain. He proposes instead that conscious experience must be understood in an entirely new light--as an irreducible entity (similar to such physical properties as time, mass, and space) that exists at a fundamental level and cannot be understood as the sum of its parts. And after suggesting some intriguing possibilities about the structure and laws of conscious experience, he details how his unique reinterpretation of the mind could be the focus of a new science. Throughout the book, Chalmers provides fascinating thought experiments that trenchantly illustrate his ideas. For example, in exploring the notion that consciousness could be experienced by machines as well as humans, Chalmers asks us to imagine a thinking brain in which neurons are slowly replaced by silicon chips that precisely duplicate their functions--as the neurons are replaced, will consciousness gradually fade away? The book also features thoughtful discussions of how the author's theories might be practically applied to subjects as diverse as artificial intelligence and the interpretation of quantum mechanics.

All of us have pondered the nature and meaning of consciousness. Engaging and penetrating, The Conscious Mind adds a fresh new perspective to the subject that is sure to spark debate about our understanding of the mind for years to come.

Critical Reasoning

Jerry Cederblom, David Paulsen

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Customer Reviews:
Total reviews: 1 Average rating: 4.0 of 5

Pretty good introduction 4 out of 5 stars.
24 of 27 people found this review helpful.

This book was the required text for a freshman college level class that I took on logic and reasoning. I found it to be a pretty good introduction, but I also thought the book was a bit thin in certain areas. This book is best as an introduction for people who have little or no familiarity with deductive and inductive logic, logical fallacies, truth trees etc. For those looking for more depth, I would recommend the book "Introduction to Logic" by Copi and Cohen.

Editorial Review:

Did you know that mastering a few theories can help you make better choices and be more successful? CRITICAL REASONING shows you how to use easy-to-understand logical principles to solve problems in real-world situations. And, because it's loaded with examples from newspapers and popular essays, this textbook has all the interesting illustrations that will keep you turning pages. Study tools, review help, and easily understood concepts help you review and prepare for tests.

Creating Minds: An Anatomy Of Creativity Seen Through The Lives Of Freud, Einstein, Picasso, Str

Howard Gardner

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Total reviews: 13 Average rating: 4.5 of 5

Editorial Review:

Howard Gardner changed the way we think about intelligence. In his classic work Frames of Mind, he undermined the common notion that intelligence is a single capacity that every human being possesses to a greater or lesser extent. Now building on the framework he developed for understanding intelligence, Gardner gives us a path breaking view of creativity, along with riveting portraits of seven figures who each reinvented an area of human endeavor. Using as a point of departure his concept of seven “intelligences,” ranging from musical intelligence to the intelligence involved in understanding oneself, Gardner examines seven extraordinary individuals—Sigmund Freud, Albert Einstein, Pablo Picasso, Igor Stravinsky, T.S. Eliot, Martha Graham, and Mahatma Gandhi—each an outstanding exemplar of one kind of intelligence. Understanding the nature of their disparate creative breakthroughs not only sheds light on their achievements but also helps to elucidate the “modern era”—the times that formed these creators and which they in turn helped to define. While focusing on the moment of each creator’s most significant breakthrough, Gardner discovers patterns crucial to our understanding of the creative process. Not surprisingly, Gardner believes that a single variety of creativity is a myth. But he supplies evidence that certain personality configurations and needs characterize creative individuals in our time, and that numerous commonalities color the ways in which ideas are conceived, articulated, and disseminated to the public. He notes, for example, that it almost invariably takes ten years to make the initial creative breakthrough and another ten years for subsequent breakthroughs. Creative people feature unusual combinations of intelligence and personality, and Gardner delineates the indispensable role of the circumstances in which an individual works and the crucial reactions of the surrounding group of informed peers. He finds that an essential element of the creative process is the support of caring individuals who believe in the revolutionary ideas of the creators. And he documents the fact that extraordinary creativity almost always carries with it extraordinary costs in human terms.

Fundamentals of Cognitive Psychology

Ronald T. Kellogg

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Editorial Review:

"Ronald T. Kellogg's Fundamentals of Cognitive Psychology is a very informative and user-friendly introductory textbook for students and general readers alike. This is a book that I would recommend to general readers and undergraduate students alike."

-PSYCHCRITIQUES


“Kellogg lucidly presents the basics of what historical and contemporary psychological science has taught us about the workings of the human mind. Students will enjoy learning from this book.”
-Elizabeth Loftus, University of California, Irvine

"Fundamentals of Cognitive Psychology combines a thorough review of classic data with highly relevant contemporary every-day examples. The text draws a wide arc that encompasses most aspects of cognitive psychology-ranging from visual consciousness to knowledge representation, language, and problem solving. Kellogg illustrates the material with many relevant and insightful examples of cognitive disorders, which are certain to pique students’ interest."
-Stephan Lewandowsky, University of Western Australia

This clear and concise text offers undergraduate students a brief but solid introduction to the fundamental concepts of cognitive psychology. Integrating the latest developments in cognitive neuroscience, neuroimaging, emotion, and cognitive development throughout the text, author Ronald T. Kellogg provides a view of what is happening at the leading edge of the field today.

Key Features

• Focuses on the “essentials” of cognitive psychology: Does not bog students down in tangential or esoteric asides or in topics more suitable for discussion in advanced follow-up courses.
• Integrates coverage of neuroscience: A four-color insert of cognitive tasks that students can replicate and related brain images (PET and fMRI) helps students develop a deeper understanding of the neuroscience behind cognitive processes.
• Emphasizes practical applications: Concrete implications of cognitive research are woven into the narrative of the text rather than boxed in inserts that students would be tempted to ignore as unnecessary detail.
• Highlights important concepts: Margin notes summarize important concepts, providing further clarification when needed and giving students previewing and reviewing guideposts.

Instructor’s Resources

An Instructor’s Resource CD provides materials for PowerPoint presentations, suggestions for further reading, Web resources, interactive demonstrations, test questions, and much more!

IRCDs are available for qualified instructors only. To request an IRCD for this book please contact Customer Care at 1.800.818.7243 (6 am – 5 pm Pacific Time) or by emailing info@sagepub.com with course name and enrollment and your university mailing address to expedite the process.

Student Study Web Site

A Student Study Web Site provides flashcards, Internet exercises, Web links, self quizzes, and links to SAGE journal articles (http://www.sagepub.com/kelloggfcpstudy).

*This text is an excellent choice for schools on the quarter system!*

(20080125)

A Cognitive Psychology of Mass Communication

Richard Harris

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Customer Reviews:
Total reviews: 2 Average rating: 5.0 of 5

A must for any mass communication scholar 5 out of 5 stars.
10 of 12 people found this review helpful.

This is one of the best texts on the effects, either real or imagined, of mass communication on its consumers. Texts on research can be hard to get through. However, Richard Jackson Harris takes years of scholarly writings from the classic "Bobo Doll Study" to the latest in mass communication research and provides the reader with one of the most objective, comprehensive, witty and easy-to-read texts this subject.

For any mass communication scholar or practitioner, this is an absolute must read. I have written several research papers throughout college and graduate school, and this book was an indespensible tool. If communication is your thing, get it now!

A useful introduction to media psychology 5 out of 5 stars.
1 of 1 people found this review helpful.

This is the 4th edition of this volume. Harris provides a nice overview to media psychology. I think the book is mistitled because it does not really deal with cognitive psychology (as a cognitive psychologist would define it). For example, there is limited discussion of factors influencing attention to TV or the cognitive representation of media stories or even how media stories are comprehended. Rather, the book really looks at social psychological approaches to the media (e.g., models of advertising effectiveness, motivations for watching TV, effects of TV violence etc). The volume is an excellent introduction to what is often referred to as media psychology, but I do think it is mistitled. Also, there are topics that are missing from the volume. For example, there is a growing research literature on factors influencing the entertainment value of a TV show or movie and that literature is not discussed in this book. I do use it as a textbook in a undergraduate seminar I teach and the students generally enjoy the book, but it is a textbook, but it does an excellent job at introducing readers to the psychological study of the media.

Editorial Review:

Examines how our experiences with media affect the way we acquire knowledge about the world, and how this knowledge influences our attitudes and behavior.

Neuroscience of Communication (Singualr Textbook Series)

Douglas B. Webster

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Customer Reviews:
Total reviews: 2 Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Terrible wriiten and illustrated, not written for students! 1 out of 5 stars.
4 of 6 people found this review helpful.

This book is definetely not an intro to a seriously heavy topic, the book
is wordy, the diagrams are all poorly drwn in plain black and white. And believe me when it comes to tracing pathways up to the brain a little color coding would help. Even the most simple concept is ultra wordy and is basically there to show how verbose Mr. Webster is. Im an Audiology doctoral student with a Speech Path and Psych background and this book will confuse the fudge out of anybody(and did)but neuroscience undergrads and neuroscientist.Do not buy,read other sources like Barr's The Human Nervous System or if you have to just share a copy and make copies this book sucks!!

Editorial Review:

New edition—revised and updated throughout. Clarifies and expands discussions from first edition. Includes two new chapters, additional information on the entire diencephalon, as well as 14 new illustrations. Provides clear description of structural and functional organization of the complete nervous system. Presents detailed descriptions of the structures and functions of the vestibular system, speech perception, language, and speech production. TEXTBOOK

The Essential Difference: Male And Female Brains And The Truth About Autism

Simon Baron-cohen

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Customer Reviews:
Total reviews: 27 Average rating: 3.5 of 5

Editorial Review:

We all know the opposite sex can be a baffling, even infuriating, species. Why do most men use the phone to exchange information rather than have a chat? Why do women love talking about relationships and feelings with their girlfriends while men seem drawn to computer games, new gadgets, or the latest sports scores? Does it really all just come down to our upbringing? In The Essential Difference, leading psychologist Simon Baron-Cohen confirms what most of us had suspected all along: that male and female brains are different. This groundbreaking and controversial study reveals the scientific evidence (present even in one-day-old babies) that proves that female-type brains are better at empathizing and communicating, while male brains are stronger at understanding and building systems-not just computers and machinery, but abstract systems such as politics and music. Most revolutionary of all, The Essential Difference also puts forward the compelling new theory that autism (and its close relative, Asperger's Syndrome) is actually an example of the extreme male brain. His theory can explain why those who live with this condition are brilliant at analyzing the most complex systems yet cannot relate to the emotional lives of those with whom they live. Understanding our essential difference, Baron-Cohen concludes, may help us not only make sense of our partners' foibles, but also solve one of the most mysterious scientific riddles of our time.