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Memory: A Very Short Introduction (Very Short Introductions)

Jonathan K. Foster

Memory: A Very Short Introduction (Very Short Introductions) Jonathan K. Foster Amazon Price: $8.54
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Customer Reviews:
Total reviews: 1 Average rating: 5.0 of 5

A book of memory 5 out of 5 stars.
3 of 3 people found this review helpful.

You are, as this book tries to make clear, your memories. That is, your personal identity is so intricately based on the sum total of your memories that it makes it impossible to have any idea of what a "self" may mean without resorting to understand how memory works. Since we take the memories we have to be the basis of our identity, it can be very hard to imagine that this memory has some serious limitations and ways that it can deceive us. A scientific study of memory is about a century and a half old, and over time we have managed to understand quite a bit about the inner working of human memory. The two main types of memory, short term and long term, are familiar to us from everyday life, but what is not too familiar is how short term memories get converted to the long term ones. This book gives an excellent account of this process, as well as how stable long term memories can be.

The book discusses the neurological basis of memory. All our memories are (at least for the foreseeable future) stored in our brains, and different parts of brain have a different function when it comes to the storage and retrieval of memories. A demage to any of those brain centers can have very serious and debilitating consequences for our normal cognitive functions.

A chapter of the book is dedicated to memory impairments, as well as to some reliable techniques for boosting one's memory. It also explains that there is an upper limit to how much we can remember. And that's a good thing - those few unfortunate individuals who could remember everything (mnemonists) ended up cluttering their minds with absolutely useless information, and normal human activities that we take for granted became impossible for them. It turns out, that we are not just what we remember: we are also what we forget. And that's worth keeping in mind.

Editorial Review:

Memories are an integral part of being human. They haunt us, we cherish them, and in our lives we collect more of them with each new experience. Without memory, you would not be able to maintain a relationship, drive your car, talk to your children, read a poem, watch television, or do much of anything at all. Memory: A Very Short Introduction explores the fascinating intricacies of human memory. Is it one thing or many? Why does it seem to work well sometimes and not others? What happens when it "goes wrong"? Can it be improved or manipulated through techniques such as mnemonic rhymes or "brain implants"? How does memory change as we age? And what about so-called recovered memories--can they be relied upon as a record of what actually happened in our personal past? This book brings together our most recent knowledge to address (in a scientifically rigorous but highly accessible way) these and many other important questions about how memory works, and why we can't live without it.

Tell Me a Story: Narrative and Intelligence (Rethinking Theory)

Roger Schank

Tell Me a Story: Narrative and Intelligence (Rethinking Theory) Roger Schank Amazon Price: $21.60
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By: Northwestern University Press
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Customer Reviews:
Total reviews: 1 Average rating: 5.0 of 5

People's primary way of learning is through hearing stories. 5 out of 5 stars.
58 of 74 people found this review helpful.

I read this book for one of my instructional design classes - which focuses on how people learn - it is one of the most interesting books that I have ever read. It gives you alot to think about. I think the best way to learn about a non-fiction book is through a series of quotes of what the person found interesting. So here are some quotes from the book:

"In effect, once she decided to see their situation as one of betrayal, she didn't need to see it any other way. Aspects of the relationship between the two people unrelated to betrayal, or that contradicted the notion of betrayal, were forgotten. Seeing a particular story as an instance of a more general and universally known story causes the teller of the story to forget the differences between the particular and the general.
....In other words, the concept of betrayal becomes what she knows about this situation. It controls her memory of the situation so that new evidence of betrayal is more likely to get admitted into memory than contradictory evidence."(P.148)

"...Is this relationship, however, an example of betrayal? Certainly, the teller relates the story so that betrayal is an accurate description. But betrayal was used as a skeleton story around which the actual story was constructed.
In other words, by using a skeleton story for betrayal, the teller could only construct a story of betrayal. All other aspects of the story were left out. But why, for example, could the teller not have told a story of "devotion"? Only small changes would be needed to make this a story of devotion - a statement that he still loves her and hopes that she will return to her former self or one that shows he values and will support her in her role as mother. ....We want to see the situations that we encounter in terms that are describable to others. We only have a short time in which to tell these stories. So, even if the fit with those stories is not exact, seeing and describing complex stories in terms of standard stories provides an easy shorthand method for communication." (P.148-149)

"The key point here is that once we find a belief and connected story, no further processing, no search for other beliefs need be done. We rarely look to understand a story in more than one way." (p.73)

"The skeletons we use indicate our point of view. Storytelling causes us to adapt a point of view. With this adaption comes a kind of self-definition, however. We are the stories we tell. ...As we come to rely upon certain skeletons to express what has happened to us, we become incapable of seeing the world in any other way. The skeletons we use cause specific episodes to conform to one another. The more a given skeleton is used, the more stories it helps form begin to coher in memory. Consequently, we develop consistent, and rather inflexible points of view." (P.170)

"An incident is remembered in terms of how it is seen in the first place. That is, labeling is in many respects an arbitrary process. ...And, of course, even that last categorization is arbitrary since one person might characterize the victim as being blond, while the other might characterise him as being fat." (P.222)


"We would like to imagine that we learn from the stories of others, but we really only do so when the stories we hear relate to beliefs that we feel rather unsure of, ones that we are flirting with at the moment, so to speak. When we are wondering, consciously or unconsciously, about the truth, about how to act or understand some aspect of the world, then the evidence provided by others can be of some use." (P.78)


"A good memory, then means an attentive labeling facility during processing or you aren't going to remember what you don't find interesting, so the more that interests you the better memory you are likely to have." (P.223-224)

"Yet what we learn is still entirely up to us. No one teaches us how to index after all. We make up our own way of seeing the world,..." (P.113)

"Knowing a great deal about a subject means being able to detect differences that will reflect themselves in differences in indexing. In other words, intelligence depends on clever indexing. Our expert is intelligent about military history. He sees nuances where others would not. He analyzes new stories well enough to be able to relate them to old stories that might not obviously be the same." (P.113)

Editorial Review:

How are our memories, our narratives, and our intelligence interrelated? What can artificial intelligence and narratology say to each other? In this pathbreaking study by an expert on learning and computers, Roger C. Schank argues that artificial intelligence must be based on real human intelligence, which consists largely of applying old situations - and our narratives of them - to new situations in less than obvious ways. To design smart machines, Schank therefore investigated how people use narratives and stories, the nature and function of those narratives, and the connection of intelligence to both telling and listening. As Schank explains, "We need to tell someone else a story that describes our experiences because the process of creating the story also creates the memory structure that will contain the gist of the story for the rest of our lives. Talking is remembering". This first paperback edition includes an illuminating foreword by Gary Saul Morson.

Learning and Memory (4th Edition) (MySearchLab Series 15% off)

Scott Terry

Learning and Memory (4th Edition) (MySearchLab Series 15% off) Scott Terry Amazon Price: $88.61
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By: Allyn & Bacon
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Editorial Review:

This text explores the core principles of learning and memory in a clear, reader-friendly style, covering animal learning and human memory in a balanced fashion.

On Collective Memory (Heritage of Sociology Series)

Maurice Halbwachs

On Collective Memory (Heritage of Sociology Series) Maurice Halbwachs Amazon Price: $60.00
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Subjects -> History -> Historical Study -> History of Ideas

Customer Reviews:
Total reviews: 3 Average rating: 4.0 of 5

Editorial Review:

How do we use our mental images of the present to reconstruct our past? Maurice Halbwachs (1877-1945) addressed this question for the first time in his work on collective memory, which established him as a major figure in the history of sociology. This volume, the first comprehensive English- language translation of Halbwach's writings on the social construction of memory, fills a major gap in the literature on the sociology of knowledge. Halbwachs' primary thesis is that human memory can only function within a collective context. Collective memory, Halbwachs asserts, is always selective; various groups of people have different collective memories, which in turn give rise to different modes of behavior. Halbwachs shows, for example, how pilgrims to the Holy Land over the centuries evoked very different images of the events of Jesus' life; how wealthy old families in France have a memory of the past that diverges sharply from that of the nouveaux riches; and how working class constructions of reality differ from those of their middle-class counterparts. With a detailed introduction by Lewis A. Coser, this translation will be an indispensable source for new research in historical sociology and cultural memory. Lewis A. Coser is Distinguished Professor of Sociology Emeritus at the State University of New York and Adjunct Professor of Sociology at Boston College. The Heritage of Sociology series

101 Really Important Things You Already Know, But Keep Forgetting

Ernie J. Zelinski

101 Really Important Things You Already Know, But Keep Forgetting Ernie J. Zelinski Amazon Price: $10.86
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Customer Reviews:
Total reviews: 3 Average rating: 4.5 of 5

Editorial Review:

This inspirational guide is about all those really important life lessons that virtually all of us have already learned -- but for some mysterious reason -- keep forgetting.

Adopting even one of these sometimes basic -- sometimes profound -- 101 concepts of living will help you experience a more meaningful, more relaxed lifestyle filled with happiness and fulfillment.

What You Will Discover -- or Rediscover -- by Reading This Book

* Too much safety is dangerous for your well-being.
* Predict your failures and you will become a highly successful prophet.
* Don't buy expensive socks if you can never find them.
* Nice people are often not good people and good people are often not nice people.
* It's always easier to stay out of trouble than to get out of trouble.
* Being right at all costs is like being a dead hero -- there is no payoff!
* Good deeds are seldom remembered; bad deeds are seldom forgotten.
* To double your success rate, just double your failure rate.
* Ten million dollars cannot buy what great friendship can.
* If the grass on the other side of the fence is greener, try watering your side.

Above all, 101 Really Important Things You Already Know, But Keep Forgetting presents commonsense advice to help you live a happier, healthier, and wealthier life!

Learning and Memory

William C. Gordon

Learning and Memory William C. Gordon Amazon Price: $54.71
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Customer Reviews:
Total reviews: 1 Average rating: 2.0 of 5

Dull, Dull, Dull 2 out of 5 stars.
1 of 1 people found this review helpful.

Textbooks don't have to be this dull even when they are about a dull subject. There is not an ounce of personality to be found in this textbook. There must be a better textbook for this subject. On a good note, you'll get plenty of sleep while reading this textbook. ZZZZZzzzzzzzzz!

Editorial Review:

Using data from both human and animal experiments and citing both classic and contemporary studies, this exciting book illustrates how various topics in learning and memory are related and how the theoretical perspectives in these areas have evolved.

Essentials of Human Memory (Cognitive Psychology)

Alan Baddeley

Essentials of Human Memory (Cognitive Psychology) Alan Baddeley Amazon Price: $22.76
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Editorial Review:

Essentials of Human Memory evolved from a belief that, although the amount we know about memory has increased enormously in recent years, it is still possible to explain it in a way that would be fully understood by the general reader. This book is based on an earlier book, Your Memory, which was intended for the general public but began to be used as a basic memeory text, thus encouraging the development of the present revised textbook version. Essentials of Human Memory combines coverage of the fundamental issues of human memory, based on laboratory research with abundant illustrations from studies in the real world and in the neuropsychological clinic, where dramatic memory deficits have continued to throw light on our understanding of normal memory.

After a braod overview of approaches to the study of memory, short-term and working memory are discussed, followed by learning, the role of organizing in remembering and factors in influemcing forgetting, including emotional variables and claims for the role of repression in what has become known as the false memory syndrome. The way in which knowledge of the world is stored is discussed next, followed by an account of the processes underlying retrieval and their application to the practical issues of eyewitness testimony. The breakdown onf memory in the amnesic syndrome is discussed next, followed by discussion of the way in which memory develops in children, and declinces in the elderly. After a section concerned with mnemonic techniques and memory improvement, the book ends with an overview of recent developments in the field of human memory.

Each chapter is accompanied by a summary with suggestions for further reading.

Life Before Life: Children's Memories of Previous Lives

Jim Tucker

Life Before Life: Children's Memories of Previous Lives Jim Tucker Amazon Price: $11.16
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Subjects -> Religion & Spirituality -> New Age -> Reincarnation
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Editorial Review:

This popular examination of research into children’s reports of past-life memories describes a collection of 2,500 cases at the University of Virginia that investigators have carefully studied since Dr. Ian Stevenson began the work more than forty years ago. The children usually begin talking about a past life at the age of two or three and may talk about a previous family or the way they died in a previous life. Their statements have often been found to be accurate for one particular deceased individual, and some children have recognized members of the previous family. A number have also had birthmarks or defects that matched wounds on the body of the deceased person. 

Life Before Life presents the cases in a straightforward way and explores the possibility that consciousness may continue after the brain dies. It is a provocative and fascinating book that can challenge and ultimately change readers’ understandings about life and death.

In The Palaces Of Memory: How we Build the Worlds Inside Our Heads

George Johnson

In The Palaces Of Memory: How we Build the Worlds Inside Our Heads George Johnson List Price: $22.95
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Customer Reviews:
Total reviews: 4 Average rating: 4.0 of 5

Edifices: deliberate, fantasmagorical, neural 4 out of 5 stars.
48 of 52 people found this review helpful.

"Whenever you read a book or have a conversation, the experience causes physical changes in your brain. In a matter of seconds, new circuits are formed, memories that can change forever the way you think about the world. [...] I'll never forgive David Lynch for his movie Erasorhead." The first two pages of In the Palaces of Memory introduce remembrance as an act not only of acquisition but of self-exposure. Memories make it possible for us to function; they may also lodge themselves in us "like a shard of glass healed inside a wound," never to be expelled. Some memories are desired and some become a part of the structure of our minds against our will.

Memory's palaces, though, may be as much the edifices the theorists construct as they are the ones inside our heads. This slim volume is not only an analysis of the way memory works but also an exposé of the way memory morphs depending on who's studying it. The underlying question, as in so much of Johnson's work, is really "how a theory matches up with some kind of real world," and what the world (in this case the brain) looks like from the point of view of the brain-children, scientific or philosophical, that purport to explain it. In this book the "unruly, creative art of theory-building" occupies center stage with memory.

What is remarkable about Johnson's writing is the uninhibited intimacy he seems to have with his subjects and with us, his readers, so that we can feel ourselves to be as close to the Thing, whatever it is, as he is. Johnson has granted me the delightful illusion of being nose to nose with a neuron, with Gell-Mann, with Planck's constant -- almost as though the experience were unmediated by an author. The man's a master story teller. But what comes across is also -- and here's the clincher -- a profound sense of amusement. If I'm not mistaken George Johnson is given to quiet chuckles in the dark over theoreticians and theorems. He infuses his translations of science in the making with a persistent, ironic-affectionate grin.

How can we resist.

Editorial Review:

Even as you read these words, a tiny portion of your brain is physically changing. New connections are being sprouted -- a circuit that will create a stab of recognition if you encounter the words again. That is one of the theories of memory presented in this intriguing and splendidly readable book, which distills three researchers' inquiries into the processes that enable us to recognize a face that has aged ten years or remember a melody for decades. Ranging from experiments performed on the "wetware" of the brain to attempts to re-create human cognition in computers, In the Palaces of Memory is science writing at its most exciting.

Mapping the Memory: Understanding Your Brain to Improve Your Memory

Rita Carter

Mapping the Memory: Understanding Your Brain to Improve Your Memory Rita Carter Amazon Price: $10.17
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Customer Reviews:
Total reviews: 4 Average rating: 4.0 of 5

Hope for the best, eat right, excercise, and do the crossword puzzles 4 out of 5 stars.
2 of 2 people found this review helpful.

Just understanding elements of current knowledge of the brain will not necessarily improve your IQ or decrease you chances of facing cognitive decline. However, Rita Carter is one of the most informed and effective science writers on neurology topics I have found so far. This is less comprehensive than some of her other excellent books, e.g. Mapping The Mind, a tour de force that will astonish you.

This book is designed to be informative and encouraging reading for baby boomers anxious about "going gently into that good night" as the poet put it. The last chapters are the "how to" on keeping your marbles as you age. The earlier chapters are Carter's usual excellent presentation of what is unavoidably difficult subject. Using our brain to understand the brain is the ultimate oxymoron.

Nonetheless, we are making progress. Someday, the disquiet of a non-optimal brain function will be quite treatable. And we can get on with our lives, without thinking about it anxiously.

Editorial Review:

What is known about the workings of the human brain has increased immeasurably in recent times. Drawing on the latest discoveries, Mapping the Memory offers readers a unique scientific approach to improve their memory.
Presenting a wealth of information in a highly accessible format, Mapping the Memory explains the different types of memory: episodic (what happened), semantic (facts), procedural (how to do things), and working (everyday routines). It then details which parts of the brain govern memory and how memory loss can be controlled. Self-assessment questionnaires, memory exercises, case studies, therapies, tips, and tricks are all included to help readers reach a higher level of understanding about memory and how they can improve the working of their own brain function in this area.

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