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Comparing Religions Through Law: Judaism and Islam

Jacob Neusner

Comparing Religions Through Law: Judaism and Islam Jacob Neusner Amazon Price: $125.00
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Customer Reviews:
Total reviews: 1 Average rating: 3.0 of 5

Disappointing 3 out of 5 stars.
5 of 5 people found this review helpful.

This book does less 'comparing' than I expected. 3/4 of the book describes explains the religious law of Judaism & Islam independent of any attempt at comparisons; thus, it reads nearly like two parallel books. To be fair, each chapter does end with an overview of material covered, pointing out similarities, but this is usually only 1 or 2 paragraphs long. Nonetheless, the other 1/4 of the book achieves some interesting conclusions and, I feel, makes the book worthwhile.

Sonn and Neusner set the parameters of their study within 'classical' Judaism and Islam beforehand. Though this itself raises many questions, they provide a sound justification for this approach in the opening pages that, even if you disagree with their starting point, makes the entire enterprise of this book intelligible. Neusner and Sonn both wrote the book well; however, I feel that Neusner quoted large, extended passages from the Misnhah and Talmud too often, which interrupted the flow of his presentation, and Sonn depended too much on secondary sources, which causes modern views more palatable to Westerners to dilute her presentation of classical Islamic law.

I enjoyed a good part of this book, but like I said above, the failure of the majority of the book to 'compare' disappointed me. Nonetheless, this work is a wonderful contribution, and reading it should be quite fruitful to understanding both systems of religious law.

Editorial Review:

Both Judaism and Islam define the character of the social order, morality and theology through law, reflecting the shared view that there is nothing in human life beyond the scope of divine concern. But the uniqueness of the two religions is apparent in the areas where they disagree: the idea of the Land of Israel has no counterpart in Islam, while Islam's jihad is nowhere to be found in Jewish law.

The authors compare the classical statements of the Torah and of classical Sunni Islamic law to present an innovative study that compares and contrasts the two religions, and offers an example of how comparative religious studies can provide the grounds for mutual understanding.

Natural Law in Judaism

David Novak

Natural Law in Judaism David Novak Amazon Price: $104.00
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Editorial Review:

Natural law is the idea that our basic moral principles apply to every human being, and are accessible to human reason. Most people have assumed that since Judaism seems to consist of a specific historical revelation and a specific tradition, that an idea such as natural law is foreign to it. This book shows that natural law is part of Judaism, and that it is consistent with its specific revelation and tradition. In this book, not only is the history of an idea shown with great accuracy, but the idea of natural law is presented as a way of conveying some of Judaism's meaning for life today.

An Introduction to the History and Sources of Jewish Law (Publication (Boston University. Institute of Jewish Law), No 22)

An Introduction to the History and Sources of Jewish Law (Publication (Boston University. Institute of Jewish Law), No 22) List Price: $99.00
By: Oxford University Press, USA
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Customer Reviews:
Total reviews: 2 Average rating: 4.0 of 5

mostly interesting 4 out of 5 stars.
2 of 2 people found this review helpful.

This anthology of essays has chapters not just on the obvious sources of Jewish law (Torah, Mishnah, Talmud) but on early Diaspora communities and post-Talmudic sources: the Geonim of Babylon, medieval Sephardic and Ashkenazic scholars, etc. In addition, there are two essays on offshoots of Judaism: the Samaritan and Karaite sects (both of which are now miniscule). Generally, the latter types of essays were more interesting- perhaps because I know just enough about the earlier sources that the book didn't add that much to my knowledge. Most of the chapters profile a few leading Jewish thinkers among each group discussed, and address halacha's response to a few difficult issues. Some of the most interesting chapters were:

1. The essay on the Samaritan sect. The Samaritans claim to be descendants of the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh (two of the "The Lost Tribes") while the Talmud suggests that they were idol-worshippers exiled to Israel by an Assyrian king. The essay takes no explicit position on the issue, but points out that there is ample evidence that not all of the Lost Tribes were exiled when the Assyrians conquered the Jewish "Northern Kingdom" in the 8th century B.C.E. Assyrian documents suggest that less than 30,000 Jews were exiled, and a few verses in the Tanach (Hebrew Bible) also suggest that some Jews remained in the North (2 Chronicles 34:6-9, Jeremiah 41:5). Thus, it appears that only the upper classes were exiled by Assyria- a fact that may lend partial support to the Samaritan view.

To an even greater extent than the Jews, the Samaritans were decimated by Christian and Muslim persecution: today, only about 560 Samaritans remain, all in Israel. In some ways: Samaritans resemble what Judaism might have looked like 2700 years ago: Samaritans recognize no authoritative books other than the Torah, still offer sacrifices, and worry more about ritual purity than modern Jews. But Samaritans generally observe many of the same festivals as modern Jews.

2. The essay on the Karaite sect. The Karaites also reject rabbinic law, purporting to rely solely on their interpretation of the Tanach. However, this vision proved impractical: in the last few centuries, Karaites have been willing to supplement the Tanach with (in the words of one Karaite authority) "the traditions of our forefathers." As Karaites moved away from literalism, they moved towards rabbinic views in some areas: for example, the Karaites once prohibited Shabbat candle-lighting on Friday nights, but moved away from this view in the 15th century.

3. The article on medieval Ashkenazic law contains some interesting discussion of a variety of halakhic innovations designed to protect wives. For example, the article discusses the Ashkenazic prohibition of polygamy, and suggests a possible reason for the prohibition: In France and Germany, Jewish merchants often spent large chunks of their lives traveling on business, and some abused polygamy by taking a new wife in every city and then abandoning the wife when business took them elsewhere. The growth of foreign travel led to procedural innovations as well: to protect Jews from predatory merchants, a defendant could be forced to stand trial wherever accused rather than forcing a plaintiff to travel to the defendant's home town to file suit.

In addition, some issues are discussed in more than one chapter. To name a few of the more interesting examples:

1. The extensive use of criminal punishment within Jewish communities. Throughout the middle ages, Jewish communities were sufficiently self-governing that they could impose physical punishments such as flogging; medieval Spanish communities were even capable of imposing capital punishment. These penalties were not limited by the procedural safeguards of the Torah; Rashba (a 13th-century Spanish rabbi) wrote that if Jewish courts adhered to the Torah's safeguards, "then the world would be destroyed, since witnesses and warnings would be required before any punishment could be meted out." Maimonides similarly wrote that criminal penalties were not limited to offenses prohibited by the Torah, and could be more severe than the Torah's punishments in accordance with "the requirements of the time." These traditions ended with emancipation in the 17th and 18th centuries; kings and republics wanted to be sovereign authorities, ruling the entire nation by the same laws.

2. The evolution of Jewish divorce law. Today, halachists are often unwilling or unable to coerce men to grant divorces, thus leading to the problem of agunot ("chained women" who are formally married to husbands who long ago deserted them, and thus cannot remarry). But in medieval communities, rabbis were willing to minimize this problem by coercing husbands to divorce their wives under certain circumstances. For example, in 7th-century Babylon, leading rabbis issued a decree stating that if a woman claimed that she could not live with her husband, and was willing to give up her right to post-divorce financial support, her husband could be coerced to grant a divorce. And in Northern France, the Tosafists ruled that wife-beating husbands could be compelled to grant a divorce. But today, the combination of weakened rabbinic authority, decentralized rabbinic leadership, and population mobility has made it more difficult for rabbinic courts to force divorces.

3. The profusion of codes of Jewish law, and why some codes were more popular than others. In recent centuries, the Shulchan Aruch and the Mishneh Torah seem to have been the most widely cited and applied codes; the authors suggest that both were more terse and thus more accessible than competing codes which more throughly cited relevant sources. By contrast, some more detailed codes are less prominent today.


















Editorial Review:

Jewish law has a history stretching from the early period to the modern State of Israel, encompassing the Talmud, Geonic and later codifications, the Spanish Golden Age, medieval and modern response, the Holocaust and modern reforms. Fifteen distinct periods are separately studied in this volume, each one by a leading specialist, and the emphasis throughout is on the development of the institutions and sources of the law, providing teachers with the essential background material from which a variety of sources, from many different perspectives, may be taught. Most chapters are written to a common plan, with treatment of the political background of the period and the nature of Jewish judicial autonomy, the character (literary and legal) of the sources, the legal practice of the period, its principal authorities, and examples of characteristic features of the substantive law (especially in family law).

The Complete Guide to the Kabbalah: How to Apply the Ancient Mysteries of the Kabbalah to Your Everyday Life

Will Parfitt

The Complete Guide to the Kabbalah: How to Apply the Ancient Mysteries of the Kabbalah to Your Everyday Life Will Parfitt Amazon Price: $15.59
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Customer Reviews:
Total reviews: 2 Average rating: 5.0 of 5

Best introduction for kabbalah and magick 5 out of 5 stars.
6 of 6 people found this review helpful.

Whenever someone asks me which book to first read in order to start learning magick I always recomend this book by Will Parfitt. The great thing about it is that he guides the reader through a sequence of experiences so that you get to experience the different "energies", "paths" and "spheres", rather than just read about them. Most of the exersizes are also easy enough to do so that they do not require an enormous amount of self discipline. And the beginning student of magick will, after reading and experiencing this book, have an easy time understanding most western magick using either his direct knowledge of the meaning of the different parts of the three of life - or by learning about it using the intuitive faculties for understanding which this book helps develop.

So, especially if you belong to the group of people who plods thorugh dark tomes filled with what appears as unfathomable kabblistic references or such and want to start experiencing and DOING magick - this is a really good start.

Editorial Review:

The Complete Guide to the Kabbalah clearly explains this ancient system of knowledge and how it can be effectively applied to our lives today.

The Image of the Non-Jew in Judaism: An Historical and Constructive Study of the Noahide Laws (Toronto Studies in Theology)

David Novak

The Image of the Non-Jew in Judaism: An Historical and Constructive Study of the Noahide Laws (Toronto Studies in Theology) David Novak Amazon Price: $129.95
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Customer Reviews:
Total reviews: 1 Average rating: 3.0 of 5

Not worth 129 dollars 3 out of 5 stars.
0 of 3 people found this review helpful.

I think the title expresses my opinion. Get it from the library.

The Jewish Moral Virtues

Eugene B. Borowitz, Frances Weinman Schwartz

The Jewish Moral Virtues Eugene B. Borowitz, Frances Weinman Schwartz List Price: $15.00
By: Jewish Publication Society of America
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Customer Reviews:
Total reviews: 4 Average rating: 4.5 of 5

Beautifully written, wonderfully researched, a MUST READ! 5 out of 5 stars.
21 of 21 people found this review helpful.

For all of the popular talk about "virtues" and character, the Jewish community has essentially gone without a modern, scholarly, accessible and thorough treatment about the content of the "Jewish" character . . . until now. World-renowned professor Eugene Borowitz and his co-author (and former student) Frances Weinman Schwartz have brought us an updated and refreshing take on a little-known 13th century ethical text, "Sefer Maalot Hamidot." The authors have taken the original list of "Jewish virtues" and reconfigured it for the 21st century Jew. Bringing together sources -- primarily, but not exclusively Jewish sources -- the authors create a rich tapestry that will long adorn the walls of Jewish ethical literature. The book contains thousands of quotes, verses, stories, and insights -- gleaned from the time of the Torah until today -- to explain how Jewish tradition treats various personal virtues, such as generosity, loving-kindness, pure-heartedness, and love of God, to name a few. This is partly a how-to guide for daily improvement of our lives, but it is much more. It is also a beatifully written, wonderfully researched anthology that synthesizes an entire people's ethical tradition and makes it relevant and compelling for the modern reader. "The Jewish Moral Virtues" is an essential part of everyone's library; a must read. 5 Star + rating. Available now through Amazon.com.

Editorial Review:

A book of practtical ethical wisdom applied to contemporary life.

An Introduction to Jewish Ethics

Louis E. Newman

An Introduction to Jewish Ethics Louis E. Newman Amazon Price: $49.60
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Customer Reviews:
Total reviews: 3 Average rating: 4.5 of 5

Excellent Overview 5 out of 5 stars.
3 of 3 people found this review helpful.

Although this book was written as a textbook, the author's clarity and obvious mastery of the subject make it an intellectually exciting journey for all readers interested in Judaism and ethics.

An Accessible Introduction 5 out of 5 stars.
2 of 2 people found this review helpful.

Newman has written an elegant, accessible introduction to Jewish Ethics. This is an introductory work, and for more depth, you will have to go elsewhere, but for a "first text" in the subject, this is hard to beat.

Sound, concise introduction 4 out of 5 stars.
0 of 0 people found this review helpful.

Newman's book is a compact work, rich in detail, which introduces the reader to the religious beliefs and practices of Judaism. Offering a fairly substantive account of Jewish rabbinical traditions such at the oral torah or Talmud, he introduces the reader to a Jewish conception of ethics, and how disagreement and variety of opinion is found within that tradition. While this book may be suitable for introductory readers, parts may seem dense or hard to get through without prior exposure to Judaism. As a scholarly, introductory text - something that might be used in a classroom - I found it to be often (but not always) an engaging and comprehensive overview of ethics as seen from the Jewish perspective. Overall a sound, concise work.

Editorial Review:

For courses in Religion, Judaism and Ethics. This text offers an overview of the Jewish ethical tradition as it has evolved from biblical times to the present. Provides an overview of the central beliefs of classical Judaism and the ways in which these frame traditional Jewish approaches to issues in ethics, both theoretical and practical.

Jewish Marriage: A Halakhic Ethic

Reuven P. Bulka

Jewish Marriage: A Halakhic Ethic Reuven P. Bulka List Price: $25.00
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Kashruth: A Comprehensive Background and Reference Guide to the Principles of Kashruth (The Artscroll Series)

Yacov Lipschutz

Kashruth: A Comprehensive Background and Reference Guide to the Principles of Kashruth (The Artscroll Series) Yacov Lipschutz List Price: $21.99
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Customer Reviews:
Total reviews: 1 Average rating: 4.0 of 5

Good Background Information 4 out of 5 stars.
1 of 1 people found this review helpful.

This book is a good resource for those who want to find out more about Kosher products. More information on the practical, day-to-day issues of keeping Kosher would have been helpful. But the book has a lot of good information overall.

Human Rights in Jewish Law

Haim Hermann Cohn

Human Rights in Jewish Law Haim Hermann Cohn Amazon Price: $31.25
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